SMOS Radio Frequency Interference Scenario: Status and Actions Taken to Improve the RFI Environment in the 1400–1427-MHz Passive Band

The European Space Agency's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission is perturbed by radio frequency interferences (RFIs) that jeopardize part of its scientific retrieval in certain areas of the world, particularly over continental areas in Europe, Southern Asia, and the Middle East. Areas affected by RFI might experience data loss or underestimation of soil moisture and ocean salinity retrieval values. To alleviate this situation, the SMOS team has put strategies in place that, one year after launch, have already improved the RFI situation in Europe where half of the sources have been successfully localized and switched off.